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By V.N. Kazakov

O.V. Sinyachenko , Medical University Donetsk, Ukraine

V.B. Fainerman , Institute of Technical Ecology, Donetsk, Ukraine

U. Pison , Virchow Klinik, Charité, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany

R. Miller , Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Berlin-Adlershof, Germany

Included in series

Studies in Interface Science, 8

Description

Human biological liquids contain numerous low- and high-molecular weight surfactants. The human organism contains interfaces with enormous surfaces. The physicochemical and biochemical processes taking place at these interfaces are extremely important for the vital functions of the organism as a whole, and the interfacial properties may reflect peculiarities of age and sex, health and disease. The present book is the first attempt to systematically present the results of dynamic and equilibrium surface tensions measurements of serum and urine samples that were obtained from healthy humans of various sex and age, and to compare these results with measurements of biological liquids obtained from patients suffering from various diseases or with measurements of amniotic fluid obtained from women at various stages of pregnancy.

Pulmonary medicine, especially neonatology, has systematically used interfacial tensiometry for studying pulmonary surfactant. In this particular area, significant progress was achieved in the treatment of diseases related to alterations of the lung surfactant system. We believe that, similar to the progress in pulmonary medicine attributed to surface chemical studies of lung surfactant, progress in other medical branches could be expected through studies of interfacial characteristics of other human biological liquids.

For several years the authors of this book have been engaged in studies aimed at the improvement of the maximum bubble pressure method, resulting in the development of computer controlled tensiometers which are capable of measuring dynamic surface tensions within a wide range of surface lifetime. In addition to the measurement techniques, a correct interpretation and analysis of the tensiometric data obtained is extremely important. The kinetic theory of adsorption from solutions, and the theory of equilibrium adsorption layers of surfactant/protein mixtures provide the basis for both the choice of the most characteristic parameters of tensiograms and the analysis of the results. Some theoretical models describing the adsorption of proteins are presented in Chapter 1. The main theoretical and experimental issues related to the maximum bubble pressure technique as applied to biological liquids are presented in Chapter 2. A more detailed discussion of the differences of the various methods in use for measuring dynamic surface tension of biological fluids is provided in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 gives data from patients with kidney disease, Chapter 5 from patients with rheumatic diseases, Chapter 6 with pulmonary diseases, Chapter 7 with diseases of the central nervous system, and Chapter 8 with neoplasms.

Dynamic interface tensiometry of human biological liquids is a fascinating new method which deserves a broad use for prospective studies of various diseases.

Contents

Theory of Protein Adsorption and Model Experiments.

Thermodynamics of protein adsorption at the liquid/fluid interfaces. Adsorption kinetics. Experimental studies of model biological liquids. Influence of additives. Summary. References.

Experimental Technique and Analysis of Tensiograms.

pressure tensiometer. Theory of the maximum bubble pressure method. Experimental technique. Analysis of tensiograms. Summary. References.

Dynamic Interfacial Tensiometry of Biological Liquids for Healthy Persons.

Dependence of dynamic surface tension on sex and age of patients. Dynamic surface tension of serum and amniotic liquid for pregnant women. Summary. References.

Application of Surface Tensiometry in Nephrology.

Glomerulonephrites. Variation in surface tensiometric parameters for various forms of the disease. Influence of particular serum and urine components on dynamic surface tension. Effect of treatment on variations in surface tensiometric parameters. Primary pyelonephritis and urolithiasis. Diabetic nephropathy. Other renal diseases. Summary. References.

Surface Tensiometry in Rheumatology.

Pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatism. Sclerodermia systematica. Rheumatoid arthritis. Reiter's disease. Psoriasis. Gout. Osteoarthrosis. Effect of glucocorticoid therapy and plasmapheresis. Summary. References.

Surface Tensiometry in Pulmonology.

Pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Bronchitis. Bronchial asthma and other pulmonary diseases. Dust pathology of respiratory organs. Summary. References.

Surface Tensiometry in Neurology.

Tensiogram parameters for diseases of the nervous system. Influence of the nosological form of an infection disease. Role of patient's age and duration of a disease. Correlation between surface tension parameters and amount of proteins and other components. Role of tensiometry in therapy, diagnosis and prognosis. Summary. References.

Interfacial Tensiometry in Oncology.

Pathogenesis of oncological disease. Serum tensiograms for different tumour localisations. Correlation between surface tensions and biological liquid's composition. Influence of γ-therapy on dynamic surface tensions. Effects of operative treatments. Summary. References. List of symbols. Subject index.

Bibliographic Information

Hardbound, ISBN: 0-444-50411-7, 388 pages, publication date: 2000